{"id":1029,"date":"2013-01-20T02:17:23","date_gmt":"2013-01-20T02:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/?p=1029"},"modified":"2021-06-02T21:07:28","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T21:07:28","slug":"the-relays-the-thing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/the-relays-the-thing\/","title":{"rendered":"The Relay\u2019s the Thing"},"content":{"rendered":"

Whether for public service or as a challenge worth attacking, transmitting information across ever greater distances is what drove members of the Relay<\/em> League to organize. The thrill of wireless communication was reinforced with each additional mile covered, even as signals became weaker. Relaying was an obvious way to extend range beyond the capability of one pair of stations in direct contact, and it required more than just knowing who was located where.<\/p>\n

\"scan0011Urged by the first district Radio Inspector, the League directors produced a blueprint for relaying messages.\u00a0 Fittingly, it was published as the lead article of the inaugural issue of QST,<\/i>1<\/a><\/sup> and consisted of five actions hams should take:<\/p>\n

First, to make two-way contacts a little less random, hams should maintain regular hours for listening and make their presence known by transmitting a simple QST with their location and QRU (indicating readiness to receive messages).<\/p>\n

Second, everyone should purchase a copy of the List of Stations<\/em> (for 50\u00a2), which contained information about each station. Besides the usual information about the operator and location, the book also contained:<\/p>\n

\u2026 his transmitting power, what kind of a spark gap he has, how far he can send, the number of words per minute he can receive, his usual listening in time, what kind of a license he holds from the Government, and whether or not he has a telephone near at hand for delivering or receiving local messages.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Additions to the List were regularly published as addenda in QST<\/i>.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Third, hams should get an Official League License. Issued only to League members, it could be had for just 50\u00a2. They did not really explain why it was essential to effective message relaying, but did state that it was similar to the one the US Government issued and that \u201c\u2026 you ought to order it at once so as to have it framed and hanging up in your operating room when the time comes that you want your station to look well.\u201d As a package, for only one dollar, you could get the List of Stations, the Official League License, and a pad of message forms. What a deal! (An ad on page 24 in the same issue offered the same package for only 50\u00a2 if one responded by 6 December.)<\/p>\n

Fourth on the blueprint list was to join the League, which was free. One only needed to fill in an application form and attest to having a working station capable of receiving \u201ca message\u201d (no mention of transmitting). Once again, applicants were \u201casked\u201d to obtain the List of Stations<\/em> and the license certificate. After name and address, the next most important piece of information on the two-page application form was the length and height of your aerial and the number of wires it had. Then came a section on \u201csending equipment\u201d characteristics, in which it asked, \u201cWhat tone has your spark?\u201d with a single blank next to the question. It was well understood that this referred to the dominant tone of your signal, normally determined by the frequency with which sparks were made. You were then asked to name the five most distant stations you had communicated with and their distances. On the second page of the form was a space for listing your receiving equipment, with six lines devoted to a free form description followed by various other questions about your station and your own personal capabilities. Finally, just before the signature, the form asked you to affirm that, “I HEREBY OFFER TO RELAY OR DELIVER ANY AMATEUR RADIO MESSAGES THAT ARE SENT TO ME”.<\/p>\n

The fifth and final item in the blueprint was to obtain a special license<\/em> from the government so you could operate on 425 meters. These were available to operators who held a first grade commercial license and who were also recommended by the League. You could get a recommendation if you were located sufficiently far from the seacoast so as to not interfere with commercial and naval stations, and could successfully argue why you needed to use 425 meters to relay messages. Typical reasons had to do with the longer wavelength being capable of greater distances than on 200 meters and having a need for the increased range because of the remoteness of your station.<\/p>\n

You would apply to the League, which would recommend you to the District Radio Inspector who then would send it to Washington where the Bureau of Navigation would take action. The ARRL had already established a close relationship with the government, which considered League credible enough to provide this vetting process for special licenses implied in the 1912 law, but not prescribed in detail.<\/p>\n

The blueprint was meant to increase \u201creliability and celerity\u201d\u2014celerity meaning swiftness or speed\u2014of the relay process.3<\/a><\/sup> QST<\/i> pointedly referred to amateur stations as relay stations<\/em> to emphasize their special nature and participation in organized activity. The items of equipment in such stations were called instruments<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"AR<\/p>\n

de W2PA<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. “Reliability and Celerity, December Radio Relay Bulletin,” QST<\/em>, December 1915, 5. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. One particularly interesting name and callsign combination appeared in the January 1916 listing:\u00a0 Frank M. Ham of Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY, with the callsign 2CW. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. ibid ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Whether for public service or as a challenge worth attacking, transmitting information across ever greater distances is what drove members of the Relay League to organize. The thrill of wireless communication was reinforced with each additional mile covered, even as signals became weaker. Relaying was an obvious way to extend range beyond the capability of one pair of stations in direct contact, and it required more than just knowing who was located where. Urged by the first district Radio Inspector, … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[43,44,112,51,111,38],"class_list":["post-1029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-main","tag-1912-law","tag-hiram-percy-maxim","tag-league-license","tag-list-of-amateur-stations","tag-relaying","tag-special-license"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1029"}],"version-history":[{"count":62,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3427,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions\/3427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/w2pa.net\/HRH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}